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ABSTRACT Introduction: Few studies have analyzed the association between physical activity and hospitalizations or mortality as a result of the new coronavirus, particularly in Brazil. Objective: To analyze the association between physical activity and deaths by Covid-19 in the Brazilian capitals. Method: An observational cross-sectional ecological study, in which data on the prevalence of physical activity during leisure time, and deaths by Covid-19 were analyzed for twenty-six Brazilian capitals plus the Federal District. Data were collected through the Risk Factor Surveillance System for chronic non-communicable diseases, and SUS Analytical for COVID-19 in Brazil, of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. For the data analysis, simple Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used, with a level of significance of 5%. Results: The data show the existence of an inverse correlation between physical activity during leisure time and accumulated deaths (r = −0.44, p = 0.03), mortality rate/100,000 inhabitants (r = −0.43, p = 0.02), and the lethality of the disease (r = −0.51, p = 0.01). They also show an inverse association between physical activity during leisure time and accumulated deaths (β = −485.1, p = 0.04), as well as with the lethality of the disease (β = −0.21, p = 0.02), even after adjusting for confounding variables. Conclusion: The inverse association observed between physical activity, accumulated deaths, and lethality of Covid-19 can bring important reflections on the actions that have been implemented by government agencies, at both state and municipal levels, in relation to the practice of physical activity by the population. Level of evidence III; Cross-sectional ecological study.
RESUMEN Introducción: Pocos estudios han analizado la asociación entre actividad física y las hospitalizaciones o la mortalidad por el nuevo coronavirus, especialmente en Brasil. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la actividad física y las muertes por COVID-19 en las capitales brasileñas. Métodos: Estudio ecológico observacional transversal, donde se analizaron datos de prevalencia de la actividad física en el tiempo libre y las muertes por COVID-19 en 26 capitales brasileñas y en el Distrito Federal. Los datos fueron recopilados a través del Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y SUS Analítico para COVID-19 del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la correlación de Pearson simple y la regresión múltiple con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: Los datos demuestran la existencia de una correlación inversa entre la actividad física en el tiempo libre y las muertes acumuladas (r = −0,44, p = 0,03), la tasa de mortalidad / 100.000 habitantes (r = −0,43, p = 0,02) y también con la letalidad de la enfermedad (r = −0,51, p = 0,01). También demuestran una asociación inversa entre la actividad física en el tiempo libre y las muertes acumuladas (β = −485,1, p = 0,04), así como con la letalidad de la enfermedad (β = −0,21, p = 0,02), incluso después del ajuste por variables de confusión. Conclusión: La asociación inversa observada entre la actividad física, las muertes acumuladas y la letalidad de la COVID--19 puede traer consigo importantes reflexiones sobre las acciones que están siendo implementadas por organismos gubernamentales, tanto en el ámbito estatal como municipal, en cuanto a la práctica de la actividad física por parte de la población. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudio ecológico transversal.
RESUMO Introdução: Poucos estudos analisaram a associação entre atividade física e hospitalizações ou mortalidade pelo novo coronavírus, principalmente no Brasil. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre atividade física e óbitos por COVID-19 nas capitais brasileiras. Métodos: Estudo ecológico observacional transversal, no qual foram analisados dados de prevalência de atividade física de lazer e óbitos por Covid-19 em 26 capitais brasileiras e Distrito Federal. Os dados foram coletados por meio do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e SUS Analítico para COVID-19 do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Para a análise dos dados, empregou-se correlação de Pearson simples e regressão múltipla com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os dados demonstram existência de correlação inversa entre atividade física de lazer e óbitos acumulados (r = −0,44, p = 0,03), taxa de mortalidade/100.000 habitantes (r = −0,43, p = 0,02) e também com a letalidade da doença (r = −0,51, p = 0,01). Também demonstram associação inversa entre atividade física no lazer e óbitos acumulados (β = −485,1, p = 0,04), bem como com a letalidade da doença (β = −0,21, p = 0,02), mesmo após ajuste para variáveis de confundimento. Conclusão: A associação inversa observada entre atividade física, óbitos acumulados e letalidade da COVID-19 pode trazer reflexos importantes sobre as ações que vêm sendo implementadas por órgãos governamentais, tanto no âmbito estadual quanto municipal, no que diz respeito à prática de atividade física da população. Nível de evidência III; Estudo transversal ecológico.
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Physical exercise training (PET) has been considered an excellent non-pharmacological strategy to prevent and treat several diseases. There are various benefits offered by PET, especially on the immune system, promoting changes in the morphology and function of cells, inducing changes in the expression pattern of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, these changes depend on the type, volume and intensity of PET and whether it is being evaluated acutely or chronically. In this context, PET can be a tool to improve the immune system and fight various infections. However, the current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, which produces cytokine storm, inducing inflammation in several organs, with high infection rates in both sedentary and physically active individuals, the role of PET on immune cells has not yet been elucidated. Thus, this review focused on the role of PET on immune system cells and the possible effects of PET-induced adaptive responses on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19.
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COVID-19 , Pandemias , Citocinas , Exercício Físico , Humanos , Sistema Imunitário , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by infections from a novel human coronavirus, has been reported since December 2019 in China but was only made official in March 2020. Since then, it has had an impact worldwide, both due to its aggressiveness and its fast propagation. Society has been facing this pandemic by following the recommendations and determinations of the WHO and the strategies deployed by governmental institutions. Among these, social isolation has been shown to be the most important, because when isolating, society tends to move less, with a consequent increase in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior, affecting its levels of physical fitness. The objectives of this review were: to review the most important effects of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior on the physical fitness levels of the population during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: The role of a regular practice of activities on the levels of physical fitness is fundamental to define the balance of quality of life during a COVID-19.
